The decision to formalise the Public Order Police and the inclusion of 100 female employees into the anti-riot forces comes in the wake of increased female protests, and criticism of the Taliban for using violence and force.

In late October, women showcased their academic documents in a Kabul park to protest the Taliban’s restrictions on women’s access to education and work. The women claim the Taliban intimidated them and tore their papers, and journalists were reportedly dispersed and temporarily detained. On November 3, it was reported that the Taliban detained one of the women protesters during a press conference.

In footage, a Taliban member can be seen striking the gathered students, who are recorded hitting and kicking the gates in protest.

For months, widespread reports of Taliban abuses in the province have surfaced on social media, raising concern among human rights organisations. However, sources say many incidents go unreported.

While studying for a PhD in Pakistan, university lecturer Maihan had her income cut-off by the Taliban. Now she faces poverty in Afghanistan.

The explosion occurred in the predominantly Hazara area of Dasht-e Barchi, with significant casualties among female students.

Afghan Witness spoke to two women who planned to continue their studies in Qatar and Kyrgyzstan, but say the Taliban prevented them and other female students from boarding a Doha-bound flight. Both women's names have been changed to protect their identities.

The owner of a Kabul beauty salon says her business is facing increasing uncertainty.

Violence, Airstrikes, Displacement and Refugees in Lay Kay Kaw - December 2021

A young entrepreneur struggles to keep her business afloat amid Taliban restrictions.

Since the Taliban’s return last August, the group has demonstrated determination to regulate, shape, and control access to education in Afghanistan.

Afghan Witness assesses how the Taliban’s return has impacted women’s access to education and employment, their freedom of movement and dress, and their ability to access support services.